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New particle formation (NPF) represents a major source of tropospheric fine aerosols. A common viewpoint is that NPF hinges thermodynamically on the volatility of condensing species and is unfavorable at high temperatures. From an intensive field ...

Understanding how protein binding sites evolve interactions with other proteins could hold clues to targeting “undruggable” surfaces. We used synthetic coevolution to engineer new interactions between naïve surfaces, simulating the de novo formation of ...

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is a form of pathogen sensing that involves detection of pathogen-encoded virulence factors or “effectors.” To discover ETI pathways in mammals, we developed a screening approach in which we expressed individual ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) facilitate the maintenance of immunological tolerance in the steady state. We report that transcription factor Etv3 is preferentially expressed in mature DCs, including tissue-derived migratory DCs (migDCs), and facilitates their ...

Myelin damage is a hallmark of several neurological disorders, but how it occurs remains to be fully understood. In this study, we found that early damage in zebrafish and rodent demyelination models is characterized by myelin swelling. We show, through ...

Over many decades, the agricultural research community has supported vulnerable smallholder farmers by improving crops, animals, and the resilience of farming systems, amassing a substantial and valuable body of data along the way. As global agricultural challenges deepen, artificial intelligence (AI) now offers powerful ways to unlock these data and enhance agricultural science. The potential of AI is compelling given the plight of vulnerable, smallholder farmers, including marginalized groups such as women, youth, Indigenous peoples, and remote, underserved communities. But amid the rush to develop and deploy AI tools, the sector must address key risks to keep expectations grounded and outcomes relevant and equitable.

When a massive star reaches the end of its lifetime, its core collapses and releases neutrinos that drive a shock into the outer layers (the stellar envelope). A sufficiently strong shock ejects the envelope, producing a supernova. If the shock fails to ...

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Forests regulate global and local climates in ways that impact human well-being. In this Review, we discuss the scale-dependent mechanisms through which forests regulate climate, highlighting their contributions to global mitigation and local adaptation. ...

In 2022, roughly 5.1 billion kg of electronic waste (e-waste) were traded—often illegally—across borders, nearly 90% of which ended up in developing countries (1, 2). Most flows move from the Global North to Africa, Asia, and South America (3, 4). High costs of safe recycling in exporting countries, combined with low labor costs and weaker regulations in receiving countries, create a powerful economic incentive for these transfers (5). The Basel Convention was designed to limit such flows, but ambiguous waste definitions, weak reporting, and incomplete enforcement allow exporting countries to evade responsibility (6–8). Addressing this structural inequality requires redefining responsibility across the global waste production and management chain.

In 2006, Brazil established the soy moratorium, a voluntary agreement under which commodity traders committed to not purchasing soybeans cultivated in areas of the Brazilian Amazon that were deforested after 2006 (later revised to 2008) (1). Although the soy moratorium has successfully reduced Amazon forest clearing for soy (1, 2), Brazil’s competition authority [Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE)] deemed the arrangement “anticompetitive” in 2025 (3), and state governments have imposed regulatory sanctions prompting the withdrawal of major soy traders from the agreement (4). Weakening the moratorium is a brazen assault on efforts to control deforestation. Instead, Brazil should strengthen multilateral partnerships between businesses and governments for the sake of forest conservation.

HomeScienceVol. 391, No. 6786Endangered Species Act changes threaten reefsBack To Vol. 391, No. 6786 Full accessLetter Share on Endangered Species Act changes threaten reefsColin J Anthony, Colin Lock, [...] , Steven Mana‘oakamai Johnson, Shinichiro Maruyama, and Laurie J Raymundo+2 authors fewerAuthors Info & AffiliationsScience12 Feb 2026Vol 391, Issue 6786p. 667DOI: 10.1126/science.aee4748 PRE…

A writer’s evocative meditations invite readers to consider the often-overlooked creatures on their own terms

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Research shows if and when markets can help limit the harms from climate change

Neuronal activity exacerbates myelin damage in the acute period after injury